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Compare Jan Mayen (2003) - Marshall Islands (2003)

Compare Jan Mayen (2003) z Marshall Islands (2003)

 Jan Mayen (2003)Marshall Islands (2003)
 Jan MayenMarshall Islands
Administrative divisions - 33 municipalities; Ailinginae, Ailinglaplap, Ailuk, Arno, Aur, Bikar, Bikini, Bokak, Ebon, Enewetak, Erikub, Jabat, Jaluit, Jemo, Kili, Kwajalein, Lae, Lib, Likiep, Majuro, Maloelap, Mejit, Mili, Namorik, Namu, Rongelap, Rongrik, Toke, Ujae, Ujelang, Utirik, Wotho, Wotje
Age structure - 0-14 years: 39.1% (male 11,233; female 10,819)


15-64 years: 58.2% (male 16,857; female 16,003)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 726; female 791) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products - coconuts, tomatoes, melons, taro, breadfruit, fruits; pigs, chickens
Airports 1 (2002) 15 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 4


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)		 total: 11


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 373 sq km


land: 373 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: 181.3 sq km


land: 181.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC about the size of Washington, DC
Background This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth. After almost four decades under US administration as the easternmost part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands attained independence in 1986 under a Compact of Free Association. Compensation claims continue as a result of US nuclear testing on some of the atolls between 1947 and 1962. The Marshall Islands have been home to the US Army Base Kwajalein (USAKA) since 1964.
Birth rate - 34.18 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget - revenues: $42 million


expenditures: $40 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999)
Capital - Majuro
Climate arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog wet season from May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt
Coastline 124.1 km 370.4 km
Constitution - 1 May 1979
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Jan Mayen		 conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands


conventional short form: Marshall Islands


former: Marshall Islands District (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)
Currency - US dollar (USD)
Death rate - 5.03 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external - $86.5 million (FY 99/00 est.)
Dependency status territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service -
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Michael J. SENKO


embassy: Oceanside, Mejen Weto, Long Island, Majuro


mailing address: P. O. Box 1379, Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands 96960-1379


telephone: [692] 247-4011


FAX: [692] 247-4012
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission: Ambassador Banny DE BRUM


chancery: 2433 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-5414


FAX: [1] (202) 232-3236


consulate(s) general: Honolulu
Disputes - international none claims US territory of Wake Island
Economic aid - recipient - more than $1 billion from the US, 1986-2002
Economy - overview Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations located on the island. US Government assistance is the mainstay of this tiny island economy. Agricultural production is primarily subsistence and is concentrated on small farms; the most important commercial crops are coconuts and breadfruit. Small-scale industry is limited to handicrafts, tuna processing, and copra. The tourist industry, now a small source of foreign exchange employing less than 10% of the labor force, remains the best hope for future added income. The islands have few natural resources, and imports far exceed exports. Under the terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US has provided more than $1 billion in aid since 1986. Negotiations have continued for an extended agreement. Government downsizing, drought, a drop in construction, the decline in tourism and foreign investment due to the Asian financial difficulties, and less income from the renewal of fishing vessel licenses have held GDP growth to an average of 1% over the past decade.
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 99%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 1% (solar)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m


highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Likiep 10 m
Environment - current issues NA inadequate supplies of potable water; pollution of Majuro lagoon from household waste and discharges from fishing vessels
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups - Micronesian
Exchange rates - the US dollar is the legal tender
Executive branch - chief of state: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Kessai Hesa NOTE (since 3 January 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president from among the members of Parliament


elections: president elected by Parliament from among its own members for a four-year term; election last held 15 November 1999 (next to be held NA November 2003)


election results: Kessai Hesa NOTE elected president; percent of Parliament vote - 100%
Exports - $9 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities - copra cake, coconut oil, handicrafts, fish
Exports - partners - US, Japan, Australia, China (2000)
Fiscal year - 1 October - 30 September
Flag description the flag of Norway is used blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes
GDP - purchasing power parity - $115 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 14%


industry: 16%


services: 70% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 1% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 71 00 N, 8 00 W 9 00 N, 168 00 E
Geography - note barren volcanic island with some moss and grass two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands; Bikini and Enewetak are former US nuclear test sites; Kwajalein, the famous World War II battleground, is now used as a US missile test range
Highways - total: NA km


paved: 64.5 km


unpaved: NA km


note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $54 million f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels, beverages and tobacco
Imports - partners - US, Japan, Australia, NZ, Singapore, Fiji, China, Philippines (2000)
Independence - 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - copra, fish, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls
Infant mortality rate - total: 31.58 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 35.38 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 27.59 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2% (2001 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, ITU, OPCW (signatory), Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 13 (Jan Mayen and Svalbard) (2000) 1 (2002)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) 0 sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; High Court
Labor force - 28,698
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 21.4%, industry 20.9%, services 57.7%
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land: 16.67%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 83.33% (1998 est.)
Languages - English (widely spoken as a second language, both English and Marshallese are official languages), two major Marshallese dialects from the Malayo-Polynesian family, Japanese
Legal system the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws
Legislative branch - unicameral Parliament or Nitijela (33 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 17 November 2003 (next to be held not later than November 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA


note: the Council of Chiefs is a 12-member body that advises on matters affecting customary law and practice
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 69.39 years


male: 67.49 years


female: 71.4 years (2003 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.7%


male: 93.6%


female: 93.7% (1999)
Location Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland Oceania, group of atolls and reefs in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Map references Arctic Region Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 10 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 4 NM		 contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 342 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 14,471,690 GRT/23,802,896 DWT


ships by type: bulk 86, cargo 18, chemical tanker 31, combination bulk 4, combination ore/oil 7, container 69, liquefied gas 8, multi-functional large-load carrier 1, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 106, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1, vehicle carrier 4


note: the ship's register of the Marshall Islands is a flag of convenience register since essentially none of the vessels on it is owned domestically; includes the following foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: China 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 9, Germany 70, Greece 54, Hong Kong 2, Japan 4, Monaco 8, Netherlands 8, UK 3, US 87, Uruguay 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Norway defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches - no regular military forces; Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday - Constitution Day, 1 May (1979)
Nationality - noun: Marshallese (singular and plural)


adjective: Marshallese
Natural hazards dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970 infrequent typhoons
Natural resources none coconut products, marine products, deep seabed minerals
Net migration rate - -6.18 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders - traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party [Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2003 est.)		 56,429 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 2.3% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors none; offshore anchorage only Majuro
Radio broadcast stations AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA


note: there is one radio and meteorological station (1998)		 AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0


note: additionally, the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Services (Central Pacific Network) operate one FM and one AM station on Kwajalein (2002)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Christian (mostly Protestant)
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: digital switching equipment; modern services include telex, cellular, internet, international calling, caller ID, and leased data circuits


domestic: Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes)


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use - 4,186 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 489 (2001)
Television broadcast stations - 2 (both are US military stations) (2002)
Terrain volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers low coral limestone and sand islands
Total fertility rate - 4.12 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate - 30.9% (1999 est.)
Waterways none none
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